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Which is a method of title transfer?

  1. Gift transaction

  2. Involuntary alienation

  3. Joint ownership

  4. Renting

The correct answer is: Involuntary alienation

The method of title transfer that is most clearly recognized in legal and real estate contexts is involuntary alienation. This occurs when property is transferred without the will or intention of the owner. Common examples include foreclosure, tax sales, or when property is escheated to the state due to a lack of heirs. Involuntary alienation effectively and legally shifts ownership from one party to another, often through legal actions that enforce the transfer under certain circumstances. While gift transactions can also transfer title voluntarily, they do involve the owner's consent and intention to give the property away, making them a different kind of transfer than involuntary alienation. Joint ownership refers to ownership structure rather than a method of title transfer, and renting merely creates a leasehold interest, which does not involve a transfer of title.